Vena cava filters in surgery and trauma.

Vena cava filters are widely used to prevent pulmonary embolic events in patients who have known venous thromboses, or in select patients deemed to be at high risk for these events. There are few prospective or well-controlled data regarding the efficacy and appropriate indications for vena cava filter use in surgical patients. High-risk surgical patients such as those who have multiple injuries, malignancy, and those undergoing bariatric procedures may benefit from vena cava filter placement. The authors discuss the available data regarding indications, efficacy, and outcomes to assist the surgeon in deciding when to use this technology.